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Stripe-headed Sparrow Peucaea ruficauda Scientific name definitions

James D. Rising
Version: 1.0 — Published March 4, 2020
Text last updated January 1, 2011

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Introduction

The Stripe-headed Sparrow (Peucaea ruficauda) is a medium to large sparrow found in savannah, scrub, second growth and open areas of seasonally dry Pacific slope regions of Mesoamerica. The overall appearance of this bird is simultaneously drab and striking. The tan and buffy upper plumage is decorated with bold white and black head stripes and bright rufous shoulder patches, and in one subspecies, the white belly and lower breast contrast with an extensive rich grey breastband. Stripe-headed Sparrows are found in pairs or conspicuous family groups of 3 - 9 birds, and are known for their chattery group vocalizations. They are the only New World sparrow known to breed cooperatively.

Field Identification

15–19·5 cm; 25·4–30·4 g (acuminata), 31·5–44·7 g (lawrencii). Medium-sized to fairly large sparrow, larger in S than in N. Nominate race has crown and side of face blackish-brown, pale spot on rear ear-coverts, white median crownstripe, broad white supercilium; upperparts mainly rufous-brown, streaked blackish, rump and uppertail-coverts brown to cinnamon brown with obscure darker streaks; tail rufous; upperwing blackish-brown, feathers narrowly edged pale buff, edges of secondaries rufous, median and greater coverts and tertials with broader rufous edges and pale buff tips; throat white; breast and upper flanks pale grey, indistinct necklace of greyish splotches, belly whitish, lower flanks and undertail-coverts washed cinnamon; iris deep brownish-red; upper mandible blackish, lower mandible mostly pale bluish-grey to ivory-coloured; legs pale pinkish. Sexes similar. Juvenile is like adult, but black areas brownish, throat speckled with dusky, belly duskier than adult. Races differ in size and plumage: lawrencii is larger than nominate, dark areas of head browner, upperparts greyer-looking, less rufous, tail duller; connectens is intermediate between previous and nominate; acuminata is much smaller than others, dark areas of head blacker, no pale spot on ear-coverts, upperparts paler and browner, less rufous, underparts paler.

Systematics History

Editor's Note: This article requires further editing work to merge existing content into the appropriate Subspecies sections. Please bear with us while this update takes place.

Proposed race ibarrorum (described from La Avellana, in Guatemalan Southern Pacific lowlands) included in ruficauda. Four subspecies recognized.

Subspecies


SUBSPECIES

Peucaea ruficauda acuminata Scientific name definitions

Distribution

Pacific slope of Mexico from S Durango and S Zacatecas S to SE Guerrero, E to Morelos and S Puebla.

SUBSPECIES

Peucaea ruficauda lawrencii Scientific name definitions

Distribution

S side of Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca and extreme W Chiapas, in S Mexico.

SUBSPECIES

Peucaea ruficauda connectens Scientific name definitions

Distribution

valley of R Motagua, in E Guatemala.

SUBSPECIES

Peucaea ruficauda ibarrorum Scientific name definitions

Distribution

Guatemala

SUBSPECIES

Peucaea ruficauda ruficauda Scientific name definitions

Distribution

SE Guatemala to nw Costa Rica

Distribution

Editor's Note: Additional distribution information for this taxon can be found in the 'Subspecies' article above. In the future we will develop a range-wide distribution article.

Habitat

Xeric grasslands with scattered trees dominated by legumes; on rocky slopes, brushy fence rows and edges of fields; locally in overgrazed fields dominated by flat-pad cactus (Platyopuntia); also disturbed roadsides. Sea-level to 1400 m.

Movement

Sedentary.

Diet and Foraging

Principally seeds, small insects, spiders (Araneae), and fruits; feeds young with insects. Usually forages on ground, but also low in vegetation. At all seasons found in groups of generally 3–7 individuals, occasionally more.

Sounds and Vocal Behavior

Song a continuous jumble of high squeaky notes, perhaps accelerated with excitement; mates greet with chattering duet. Call a nasal “chuh”.

Breeding

Season Apr–Nov, sometimes later on coast than inland; probably double-brooded. Co-operative breeder, up to seven individuals attend nest. Nest a deep cup made from dry grasses and twigs, lined with finer grasses and hair, placed 0·3–1·5 m above ground and usually in dense and spiny bush. Clutch 2–4 eggs, pale blue. No information on incubation and nestling periods.
Not globally threatened. Fairly common to common; often common or very common in appropriate habitat. Somewhat more local in interior.
Distribution of the Stripe-headed Sparrow - Range Map
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  • Year-round
  • Migration
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Distribution of the Stripe-headed Sparrow
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Data provided by eBird

Stripe-headed Sparrow

Peucaea ruficauda

Abundance

Estimates of relative abundance for every week of the year animated to show movement patterns. Relative abundance is the estimated average count of individuals detected by an eBirder during a 1 hour, 1 kilometer traveling checklist at the optimal time of day for each species.   Learn more about this data

Relative abundance
0.37
1.1
2.2
Week of the year
Stripe-headed Sparrow, Abundance map
The Cornell Lab logo
Data provided by eBird

Stripe-headed Sparrow

Peucaea ruficauda

Abundance

Relative abundance is depicted for each season along a color gradient from a light color indicating lower relative abundance to a dark color indicating a higher relative abundance. Relative abundance is the estimated average count of individuals detected by an eBirder during a 1 hour, 1 kilometer traveling checklist at the optimal time of day for each species.   Learn more about this data

Relative abundance
Year-round
0.19
1.2
2.5

Recommended Citation

Rising, J. D. (2020). Stripe-headed Sparrow (Peucaea ruficauda), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.sthspa1.01
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