Described in the early years of the 20th century from Mount Roraima, the Roraiman Antwren is now known to range across the pantepui region from southwest Venezuela to adjacent northernmost Brazil and west-central Guyana. Within this small range it seems to be locally common in the canopy and subcanopy of wet evergreen forest and its borders, including stunted forest atop tepuis. Its plumage is largely typical of the genus Herpsilochmus, and, as is the case with several other species, it is the female Roraiman Antwren that is arguably most distinctive, on account of its white-streaked crown, and pale buffy-colored breast and flanks. This species’ relationships are presently considered unclear, although it has been speculated that its closest relative is the Spot-backed Antwren (Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus), whose range abuts that of the present species to the south and west.